Public Finance management (PFM) is often represented through the budget cycle with planning, implementation and reporting phases. Some of those phases overlap, for instance a government is often at once planning its next budget, implementing the current one and reporting on the previous year. A good practice is for lessons from the previous years to inform the design of future budgets. This is essential to improve government services. It is particularly important in economies which have limited resources: how do we make each public spending count - fairly and effectively? 

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